Optional Practical Training (OPT)
A work authorization for F-1 international students allowing up to 12 months of employment after graduation, extended to 36 months for STEM degree holders.
How It Works
OPT is the bridge between student status and H-1B sponsorship for most international graduates. Standard OPT allows 12 months of work authorization in a field related to the student's degree. STEM OPT extends this by 24 additional months (36 total) for graduates with degrees in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. The STEM extension requires the employer to be enrolled in E-Verify. OPT timing is critical: students must secure H-1B sponsorship and be selected in the lottery before their OPT expires, or they lose work authorization. Many international students coordinate their OPT timeline with the April H-1B lottery.
Related Terms
- H-1B Visa, A nonimmigrant work visa allowing U.S. employers to hire foreign workers in "specialty occupations" that require at least a bachelor's degree, the primary visa for skilled tech, engineering, and professional workers.
- Employment Authorization Document (EAD), A work permit issued by USCIS that allows certain immigrants, including H-4 spouses, pending green card applicants, and OPT students, to work in the United States.
- H-1B Cap, The annual limit of 65,000 new H-1B visas for private-sector employers, plus 20,000 additional visas for applicants with U.S. advanced degrees.
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About This Definition
This definition is part of the H1BVisaTracker H-1B Visa Glossary, 26 terms explaining H-1B sponsorship, work visas, and employment-based immigration in the United States. Written for international workers, employers, and immigration professionals.